PSO-Optimized FOPID Controller for Electric Vehicle: Comparative study

Abstract

This research conducts a comparative evaluation of a conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and a Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller, enhanced through the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, for a Two-Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle (TWDEV) equipped with an electronic differential. The electronic differential plays a crucial role in distributing torque to the wheels based on speed and road conditions, ensuring smooth cornering and improved vehicle maneuverability. The performance evaluation is carried out through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. The PSO-optimized FOPID controller outperforms the conventional PID by preventing overshoot, reducing torque peak, and minimizing torque ripple under varying conditions. Its adaptability enhances vehicle handling, traction control, and efficiency, improving TWDEV performance and driving comfort.