Optimizing Hybrid Smart Grids Through V2G: Bidirectional Power Flow for Improved Load Balancing and Stability

Abstract

This research investigates the integration of Vehicle- to-Grid (V2G) technology into smart grids as a strategic approach to address the challenges posed by increasing renewable energy penetration. By utilizing electric vehicle (EV) batteries as decentralized, bidirectional storage units, V2G enhances grid stability, facilitates demand-side management, and optimizes renewable energy consumption. Through detailed simulation models, the study demonstrates how EVs can actively contribute to load balancing, frequency regulation, and smoothing the intermittency of wind and solar power sources. The findings highlight that large-scale deployment of V2G can significantly improve energy system resilience and efficiency while providing economic incentives for EV owners. Additionally, the research discusses critical technical, economic, and policy considerations necessary for successful implementation, emphasizing the importance of supportive regulatory frameworks, technological advancements, and consumer engagement. Overall, the results underscore V2G's promising role in advancing a sustainable and reliable energy future, leveraging the growing fleet of electric vehicles as a key asset in modern power systems.